Appropriate combinations of laser beams can be used to trap and manipulate small particles with optical tweezers as well as to induce significant optical binding forces between particles. These ...

One of the unsolved mysteries of contemporary science is how highly organized structures can emerge from the random motion of particles. This applies to many situations ranging from astrophysical ...

If particles are scattered at random on a line, a plane or in a volume, they will partially overlap and on average cover a certain fraction of the space. Expressions for the variance in the coverage ...

Cosmic rain: Simulation of a particle shower created by a 1 TeV proton hitting the atmosphere 20 km above the Earth. (Courtesy: Dinoj/CC BY 2.5) The random arrival times of cosmic-ray muons at the ...

In nanoscale particle research, precise control and separation have long been a bottleneck in biotechnology. Researchers at the University of Oulu have now developed a new method that improves ...

The idea that empty space is truly empty has been quietly dying for decades, but new measurements of particle spin are now forcing the issue. By tracking how tiny fragments of matter emerge with ...

Substances can exist in three states of matter - solid, liquid and gas. All substances are made from particles, and the forces between the particles are different in solids, liquids and gases. The ...